For many hotel owners and investors, the wait may finally be over. The U.S. Federal Reserve is expected to initiate a series of gradual interest rate cuts starting this week. While the markets have factored in this possibility, the exact number and size of cuts remain to be seen.
Since March 2022, the Fed has raised interest rates 11 times, with the goal of cooling the job market and bringing inflation closer to its 2% target. These increases took the federal funds rate from 0.25%-0.5% to its current range of 5.25%-5.5%. Oxford Economics predicts the Fed will cut interest rates by 25 basis points this week and continue with similar reductions every other meeting through 2025. Their forecast suggests two cuts by the end of 2024, lowering the policy rate to 4.88%, with further cuts expected to reach 100 basis points by the end of 2025.
Zach Demuth, global head of hotel research at JLL, notes that forward curves have already priced in at least 50 basis points of cuts for the rest of the year. Even though these cuts have been anticipated, their arrival is still welcome news. The Fed’s signaling of rate reductions has already stimulated market activity, as more buyers are entering the market and capital is moving off the sidelines. Demuth anticipates that lower interest rates will significantly boost transaction volume in the coming months.
Raymond Martz, co-president and CFO of Pebblebrook Hotel Trust, believes that these rate cuts will serve as a catalyst for increased transaction activity in 2025. Additionally, spreads on commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) debt have been narrowing, making borrowing costs more affordable. This will provide a more favorable environment for underwriting, encouraging buyers to proceed with more confidence.
While the first 25-basis-point cut may not make a substantial difference, Martz points out that the Fed’s intention to return to a more neutral rate is a positive indicator for the market. The projected 220 basis points in cuts by the end of 2025 will likely boost confidence and further fuel transaction activity.
Despite the promising outlook, Isaac Collazo, vice president of analytics at STR, warns that there will be a lag in hotel development following the initial rate cuts. Of the 761,000 hotel rooms in the U.S. pipeline, 43% are in the planning phase, and many of these projects will need time to secure financing. Rate cuts will help free up capital, but the full impact on development may take years.
Collazo also highlights the challenges faced by developers, such as high material costs and labor shortages, which may delay project progress. Additionally, while lower interest rates will help reduce borrowing costs, some lenders are still requiring significant equity in deals, further complicating the development process.
In the broader economic landscape, the anticipated rate cuts may encourage companies to invest more, potentially spurring business travel and driving demand for hotels. However, Collazo notes that the positive effects of lower interest rates will take time to reach consumers, especially those dealing with high levels of credit card debt.
While higher-income households may benefit from an improving housing market, lower- and middle-income earners are likely to struggle with their debt burdens for some time. Collazo emphasizes that it will take time for these consumers to reduce their debt and return to their previous levels of spending.
Overall, the expected interest rate cuts offer hope for the hotel and investment markets, but their full impact may not be felt for years. Developers, investors, and consumers alike will need to be patient as the economy adjusts to the new rate environment.
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